Thermodynamics Calculator
ΔU = Q − W — change in internal energy equals heat added minus work done by system.
ΔU = Q − W (First Law of Thermodynamics)
Q = heat added to system, W = work done BY system on surroundings
Q = heat added to system, W = work done BY system on surroundings
How to use Thermodynamics Calculator
1
Enter the known values in the input fields.
2
Results update instantly as you type — no button needed.
3
See the formula box for the equation being used.
4
All calculations run in your browser — nothing is sent to any server.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the First Law of Thermodynamics? ▼
Energy is conserved: the change in internal energy of a system equals the heat added to it minus the work done by it. ΔU = Q − W. Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred or converted.
What is Carnot efficiency? ▼
Carnot efficiency is the maximum theoretical efficiency any heat engine can achieve between two temperature reservoirs: η = 1 − T_C/T_H. It is a fundamental upper limit — no real engine can exceed it.
What is specific heat capacity? ▼
Specific heat capacity is the amount of heat energy required to raise 1 kg of a substance by 1 Kelvin. Water has a very high value (4186 J/kg·K), making it excellent for thermal storage and regulation.
Is this tool free? ▼
Yes, completely free. No signup needed.